Biography of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose | Getinfoallabout

Birth and Family life

Subhash Chandra Bose was born in a Hindu family on 23 Jan 1897 in Cuttack City, Bengal. His mother's name was Prabhavati and father's name was Janakinath Bose. His father Jankidas Bose was a great lawyer of the city, though he was a government lawyer but later he started private practice. Jankidas ji first worked in the monarchy of Cuttack and later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly. Pleased with the work of Janki Das ji, the British Government gave him the Raibahadur Salt Award. Prabhavati and Jankinathji's family was quite large, they had 14 children, out of which 8 sons and 6 daughters. Subhash Chandra Bose was the ninth child of Jankidas ji and the fifth son. Subhash Chandra Bose used to be more than Sharad Chandra among all his sister brothers, he also called him by the name of Mejda.

Born	23 January 1897, Cuttack, Bengal
Parents	Jankinath Bose, Parbhabati Bose
Education	Scottish Church College, Presidency University
Died	18 August 1945, Taipei, Taiwan

Education

Subhash Ji completed his primary education from Protestant European School and later took admission in the Ravensha Collegiate School Salt School in 1909. The principal of Revensha Collegiate School was Beni Madhav and his character had a great impact on Subhash Chandra Bose. At the age of just 15, Subhash Chandra Bose ji had made a thorough knowledge of literature composed by Swami Vivekananda and in 1915 he passed out of the Second Division due to his ill health in the 12th examination. In 1916, Subhash Chandra Bose did his BA Honors, but once upon a time there was some quarrel between the students and teachers in the President's College, Subhash Chandra Bose ji led the students, due to which he got 1 year from the college. Was fired and banned the examination. Subhash Chandra Bose ji had also taken the examination to join the 49th Bengal Regiment but was disqualified for the army due to poor eyes. Somehow he had taken admission in the Scottish Church College, but his entire focus was on the Army. According to his time, he gave the examinations of the Territorial Army and took admission as a recruits in the Fort William Army. Then he realized that if he did not get low marks in BA like intermediate, he studied hard enough to do BA honors and he got second place in Kolkata University.

Subhash ji's father Jankidas ji wanted Subhash to give the ICS exam for which he had only 1 year. Thinking of exam de or na de, he asked his father for 24 hours and later he agreed to take the exam and went to England on 19 September 1919. He did not get admission in England for the preparation of ICS examination, then he got admission for a mental and moral science trypass examination. Which solved their eating and living problem. Taking admission was an excuse for him then. His main objective was to prepare for the ICS exam and clear it, which he showed by coming fourth in 1920.

After passing the ICS exam, Subhash Chandra Bose ji wrote a letter to his brother Sharat Chandra Bose. In which he said that his heart and mind had been captured by the ideals of Swami Vivekananda and Maharishi Arvind Ghosh, so how could he have been slavery of the British? He wrote a letter to Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das in which he expressed an interest to work with him. But one day when he got his mother's letter which said "Father or any other member of the house, he is proud of his son for saying anything", then Subhash Chandra Bose with a degree in mental and moral science Returned to India in 1921.

Participation in Freedom Struggle

Subhash Chandra Bose expressed his desire to work with Desh Bandhu Chittaranjan Das, a freedom fighter from Kolkata. While he was in England, he wrote a letter to Das Babu. Ravindra Nath Tagore ji advised Subhash Chandra Bose to meet Gandhiji, who then lived in a Mani Bhavan in Mumbai. Subhash Chandra Bose and Gandhiji first met in 1921. Gandhiji asked Subhash Chandra Bose to work with Das Babu. While Das Babu was leading the freedom fighters in Bengal, Subhash Chandra Bose Ji also started working with him there. Das Babu formed a Swaraj Party so that he could oppose the British even inside the Assembly. The Swaraj Party won the election with an absolute majority from the Kolkata Mahapalika. Das Babu became the mayor of the place and made Subhash Chandra Bose ji the chief executive chairman of the municipality. Subhash completely changed the way of working of the royalty with his work and his family members who had lost their lives in the freedom struggle started getting jobs there. Another important work was done by Subhash Chandra Bose Ji, the road which was in the name of the British was changed to the name of the Indians.

Very soon Subhash became an important youth leader of the country. Subhash along with Jawaharlal Nehru started the Independence League of Youth under the Congress. When the Simon Commission came to India in 1927, the Congress showed it black flags. Subhash led this movement in Kolkata. To answer the Simon Commission, the Congress entrusted the task of framing the future Constitution of India to the eight-member Commission. Motilal Nehru was the chairman of this commission and Subhash was one of its members. This commission presented the Nehru Report. In 1928, the annual Congress session was held in Kolkata under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru. In this session, Subhash wearing a khaki uniform saluted Motilal Nehru in a military manner. Gandhiji did not agree with the demand for complete self-rule in those days. In this session, he was determined to demand Dominion status from the British government. But Subhash Babu and Jawaharlal Nehru did not approve of the retreat from Purna Swaraj's demand. In the end, it was decided that the British government should be given one year to give Dominion status. If the British government did not meet this demand in a year, the Congress would demand full Swaraj. But the British government did not meet this demand. Therefore, in 1930, when the annual Congress session was held in Lahore under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, it was decided that 26 January would be celebrated as Independence Day.

On 26 January 1931, Subhash was leading a huge front by hoisting the national flag in Kolkata when the police fired sticks on him and wounded him and sent him to jail. While Subhash was in jail, Gandhiji compromised with the British government and got all the prisoners released. But the British government refused to release revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh. Gandhiji spoke to the government to forgive Bhagat Singh's execution, but with tenderness. Subhash wanted Gandhiji to break the agreement made with the British government on this subject. But Gandhiji was not ready to break his promise. The British government stood firm in its place and Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged. Subhash Gandhi became very angry with Gandhi and Congress methods for not saving Bhagat Singh.

Imprisonment

Subhash was imprisoned a total of 11 times in his public life. First he was imprisoned for six months on 16 July 1921.

In 1925, a revolutionary named Gopinath Saha wanted to kill Kolkata Superintendent of Police Charles Tegart. He accidentally killed a businessman named Ernest Day. For this he was hanged. Subhash wept bitterly after Gopinath was hanged. He sought the dead body of Gopinath and performed his last rites. This led the British government to conclude that Subhash not only had connections with fiery revolutionaries, but he also inspired them. On the same pretext, the British government arrested Subhash and sent him imprisoned in Mandal prison in Myanmar indefinitely without any trial.

On 5 November 1925 Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das died in Kolkata. Subhash heard the news of his death on the radio at Mandalay jail. While staying at Mandalay jail, Subhash's health deteriorated. He developed tuberculosis. But the British government still refused to release him. To release him, the government put a condition that he should go to Europe for treatment. But the government did not clarify when they could return to India after treatment. Hence Subhash did not accept this condition. Eventually, the situation became so difficult that the jail authorities began to feel that they might not die in prison. The British government did not even want to take the risk that Subhash died in prison. Therefore, the government released him. Subhash then went to Dalhousie for treatment.

Subhash was in imprisonment in 1930 when he was elected the Mayor of Kolkata in the elections. Therefore, the government was forced to release him. Subhash was again imprisoned in 1932. This time he was kept in Almora jail. His health deteriorated again in Almora jail. On the advice of doctors, Subhash agreed to go to Europe this time for treatment.

Stay in Europe

Subhash lived in Europe from 1933 to 1936. Subhash continued his work in Europe, taking care of his health. There he met Mussolini, the leader of Italy, who pledged to assist him in India's freedom struggle. De Valera, the leader of Ireland, became a good friend of Subhash. The days when Subhash was in Europe, Kamala Nehru, wife of Jawaharlal Nehru died in Austria. Subhash went there and consoled Jawaharlal Nehru.

Subhash later met Vitthal Bhai Patel in Europe. Subhash along with Vitthalbhai Patel held the mantra which came to be known as Patel-Bose analysis. In this analysis, both of them strongly condemned Gandhi's leadership. Subsequently, when Vitthal Bhai Patel became ill, Subhash served him a lot. But Vitthal Bhai Patel did not survive, he died.

In his will, Vitthal Bhai Patel gave all his property to Subhash. But after his death, his brother Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel did not accept this will. Sardar Patel prosecuted this will in court. After winning this case, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel gifted all of his brother's property to the Harijan service of Gandhi.

In 1934, Subhash received the news of his father's death. As soon as he heard the news, he returned to Kolkata via Karachi by airplane. Even though he had come to know in Karachi that his father had died, he still went to Kolkata. As soon as he reached Kolkata, the British government arrested him and kept him in jail for several days and sent him back to Europe.

Love Marriage in Austria

In 1934, when Subhash was staying in Austria for his treatment, he needed an English-knowing typist to write his book. A friend of hers met an Austrian woman named Emilie Schenkl. Emily's father was a famous vet. Subhash was attracted to Emily and the two fell in natural love. In view of the strict laws of Nazi Germany, both of them got married in 1942 by Hindu method at a place called Bad Gastein. Emily gave birth to a daughter in Vienna. Subhash first saw her when she was barely four weeks old. They named her Anita Bose. When Subhash died in an alleged plane crash in Taiwan in August 1945, Anita Paune was three years old. Anita is still alive. Her name is Anita Bose Pfaff. Anita Faf sometimes comes to India to meet her father's family.

Presidentship of Haripura Congress

In 1938, the annual session of the Congress was scheduled to be held in Haripura. Prior to this session, Gandhi chose Subhash for the post of Congress President. This was the 51st session of the Congress. Therefore, Congress President Subhash Chandra Bose was welcomed in a chariot drawn by 51 oxen.

Subhash's presidential speech was very effective in this session. Hardly any Indian political person has ever given such an effective speech. During his presidential tenure, Subhash established the Planning Commission. Jawaharlal Nehru was made its first president. Subhash also established a Science Council in Bangalore under the chairmanship of the famous scientist Sir Visvesvaraya.

In 1937, Japan invaded China. The Congress, headed by Subhash, decided to send a medical team under the leadership of Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis to assist the Chinese people. Later, when Subhash collaborated with Japan in India's freedom struggle, many people started calling him Japanese puppet and fascist. But this incident proves that Subhash was neither a puppet of Japan nor did he agree with the fascist ideology.

Resignation from Congress President

In 1938, when Gandhi had chosen Subhash for the post of Congress President, he did not like Subhash's methodology. Meanwhile, the Second World War was clouded in Europe. Subhash wanted that the freedom struggle of India should be intensified by taking advantage of this difficulty of England. He had also started taking steps in this direction during his presidential tenure but Gandhiji did not agree with this.

In 1939, when the time came to elect a new Congress president, Subhash wanted that a person who would not be bowed down under any pressure in this matter be made the president. since no one is volunteering so, subhash decided to be Congrees President. But Gandhi wanted to remove him from the post of president. Gandhi chose Pattabhi Sitaramaiya for the post of president. Kavivar Rabindranath Thakur wrote a letter to Gandhi requesting that Subhash be made the president. Scientists like Prafulla Chandra Rai and Meghnad Saha also wanted to see Subhash as the president again. But Gandhiji did not listen to anyone in this matter. Years later, on finding a deal in Congress was elected to the presidency.

Everyone believed that when Mahatma Gandhi supported Pattabhi Sitaramayya, then he would win the election easily. But in reality, Subhash got 1580 votes and Sitaramayya got 1377 votes in the election. Despite Gandhiji's opposition, Subhash Babu won the election by 203 votes. But with the result of the election, the matter did not end. Gandhiji, describing Pattabhi Sitaramayya's defeat as his defeat, told his colleagues that if they do not agree with Subhash's methods then they can withdraw from the Congress. After this, 12 out of 14 members of the Congress Executive resigned. Jawaharlal Nehru remained neutral and was alone with Sharad Babu Subhash.

The annual Congress session of 1939 took place in Tripuri. At the time of this session, Subhash Babu became so ill with high fever that he had to lie down on a stretcher and bring it to the convention. Gandhiji himself was not present in this session and his colleagues also did not give any support to Subhash. After the session, Subhash tried hard for a settlement, but Gandhiji and his colleagues did not accept him. The situation became such that Subhash could not do anything. Finally fed up, on 29 April 1939, Subhash resigned as Congress President.

Accident and Death News

After Japan's defeat in World War II, Netaji needed to find a new path. He decided to ask Russia for help. On 18 August 1945, Netaji was on his way to Manchuria by airplane. He went missing during this journey. After this day, they were never shown to anyone.

On August 23, 1945, Tokyo Radio reported that Netaji was coming from a large bomber aircraft in Saigon that his plane crashed near Taihoku (Japanese: 臺北 帝國 大學, Taihoku Teikoku Daigaku) ​​airport on August 18. Japanese general Shodei, Pilate, and some others aboard the plane were killed. Netaji was severely burnt. He was rushed to Taihoku military hospital where he succumbed. According to Colonel Habiburrahman, his last rites were performed in Taihoku. In mid-September, his bones were collected and placed in the Rankoji temple in Tokyo, the capital of Japan. According to a document obtained from the National Archives of India, Netaji died on August 18, 1945 at 21.00 at the military hospital in Taihoku. 

After independence, the Government of India appointed the Commission twice in 1956 and 1977 to investigate this incident. Both times it was found that Netaji was killed in that plane crash.

In 1999, a third commission was formed under the leadership of Manoj Kumar Mukherjee. In 2005, the Taiwan government told the Mukherjee Commission that no airplane had crashed on Taiwan land in 1945. In 2005, the Mukherjee Commission submitted its report to the Government of India, stating that there was no evidence of Netaji's death in that plane crash. But the Government of India rejected the Mukherjee Commission report.

Where Netaji went missing on 18 August 1945 and what happened next has become the biggest unanswered mystery in Indian history.

Even today, there is no dearth of people claiming to see and meet Netaji in different parts of the country. Many claims have been made about Netaji's presence in Faizabad from Gumnami Baba to District Raigad in Chhattisgarh state, but the authenticity of all of them is questionable. In Chhattisgarh, the case of Subhash Chandra Bose went to the state government. But the state government closed the file of the case, considering it not worthy of intervention.